Alex is 6 years old and displays tantrum whenever he wants to attract his mom attention. Applying DRA, DRI, and DRO, explain briefly how the problem behavior can be reduced.
To address Alex’s tantrums using behavior modification techniques:
1. **DRA (Differential Reinforcement of Alternative Behavior):**
– **Strategy:** Reinforce a behavior that serves as an alternative to the tantrum, such as calmly asking for attention or engaging in a suitable activity.
– **Implementation:** Ignore the tantrum completely (extinction) and promptly reinforce Alex when he uses the appropriate alternative behavior to gain attention.
2. **DRI (Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible Behavior):**
– **Strategy:** Reinforce behaviors that are physically incompatible with tantrum behaviors, making it impossible for both behaviors to occur simultaneously.
– **Implementation:** Reinforce Alex whenever he engages in a behavior that is incompatible with tantrumming, such as playing quietly or engaging in another activity.
3. **DRO (Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior):**
– **Strategy:** Reinforce any behavior other than the tantrum, without requiring it to be specifically alternative or incompatible.
– **Implementation:** Ignore the tantrum and provide reinforcement whenever Alex refrains from tantrumming for a specified period, gradually increasing the time interval between reinforcement.
**Example Application:**
– When Alex tantrums for attention, his mother ignores the tantrum completely (DRA and DRO) and instead reinforces him immediately when he asks calmly for attention (DRA). Over time, by consistently reinforcing the desired behaviors (asking calmly, engaging in other activities), and ignoring the tantrum, Alex learns that tantruming is ineffective for gaining attention while appropriate behaviors are rewarded.
Implementing these strategies consistently and reinforcing desired behaviors effectively can help reduce Alex’s tantrums over time.
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