Explain principles of care for clients with oncological disorders.
Scenario
Anna is a 45-year-old female that presented to her physician’s office for her annual check-up. Anna has a history of diabetes, obesity, and noncompliance with diet and medications to control her diabetes. She a single mother of three teenagers and smokes regularly. During the history review, Anna shares with you that she has not been feeling like herself for the past six months, she has been unusually tired and thought that she felt a lump in her right breast during a self-breast exam around that same time. She stated, “I am very busy with my children; I haven’t had time to get it checked out.” She has recently been experiencing right nipple pain. Anna has a positive family history of breast cancer; both her mother and grandmother have been treated for breast cancer. Anna has never had a mammogram. During the breast examination, the practitioner palpated a lump in Anna’s right breast. No discharge from the nipple was observed. Anna’s right breast was tender upon palpation. No abnormalities were found in the left breast. Based on the physical findings Anna will undergo a diagnostic mammogram.
Instructions
In a 2-page paper, describe the care that Anna would require and address the questions below.
1. What risk factors does Anna have that could predispose her to the development of cancer?
2. What signs and symptoms could indicate that Anna has developed cancer?
3. Based on Anna’s risk factors and presenting problems, identify three care strategies that you would use to provide quality care to Anna. Provide rationale to explain why you chose these strategies.
### Principles of Care for Clients with Oncological Disorders: Case of Anna
Anna, a 45-year-old female with a history of diabetes, obesity, and noncompliance with medical recommendations, presents with concerning symptoms potentially indicative of breast cancer. Below are the care strategies and considerations for Anna based on her risk factors and presenting symptoms.
**Risk Factors Predisposing Anna to Cancer:**
1. **Family History:** Positive family history of breast cancer (mother and grandmother).
2. **Personal Health Habits:** Obesity, smoking, and noncompliance with diabetes management.
3. **Age and Gender:** Being a 45-year-old female increases her risk.
**Signs and Symptoms of Possible Cancer Development:**
Anna presents with:
– Fatigue and feeling unwell for six months.
– Self-detected lump in her right breast.
– Right nipple pain and breast tenderness.
**Care Strategies for Anna:**
1. **Encourage Immediate Diagnostic Evaluation:**
– **Rationale:** Anna’s symptoms, including the lump and nipple pain, are concerning for breast cancer, especially given her family history. Prompt diagnostic evaluation (mammogram and possibly biopsy) is crucial to confirm diagnosis and initiate timely treatment if cancer is detected.
2. **Provide Education on Cancer Screening and Risk Reduction:**
– **Rationale:** Given Anna’s lack of previous mammogram despite family history and symptoms, education is critical. Explain the importance of regular mammograms, especially for individuals with risk factors like family history and age. Educate on lifestyle modifications to reduce cancer risk, such as smoking cessation and maintaining a healthy weight.
3. **Facilitate Multidisciplinary Care and Support:**
– **Rationale:** Coordinate care involving oncology specialists, diabetes management, and possibly mental health support due to Anna’s complex medical and personal situation. Ensure comprehensive care addressing both physical and emotional needs.
**Conclusion:**
Anna’s case highlights the importance of early detection and comprehensive care strategies in managing oncological disorders. By addressing her risk factors, educating on screening and risk reduction, and facilitating multidisciplinary care, healthcare providers can optimize outcomes and support Anna through her potential cancer diagnosis and treatment journey.
This approach not only focuses on medical management but also considers Anna’s holistic needs, ensuring she receives the best possible care tailored to her specific circumstances.
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This paper provides a structured approach to addressing Anna’s care needs based on her risk factors and symptoms suggestive of breast cancer. If you have any further questions or need additional details, feel free to ask!
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