Assignment topic
Individual Preventive Screening
Review the clinician provider guidelines and recommendations from the United States Preventive Services Task Force A and B Recommendations.
For the master’s-prepared nurse, knowledge of epidemiology and its application to preventive screening guidelines is important in many clinical areas: administrative, education, and nurse practitioner fields. Individual patient preventive screenings are ordered as a secondary measure before symptoms occur. Preventive screenings are recommended based on outcome data from epidemiological studies, that the test is beneficial; based on risk and characteristics of the identified population in the screening guideline.
Select one screening below from the United States Preventive Services Task Force guidelines.
· Abdominal aortic aneurysm
· Breast cancer
· Cervical cancer
· Colon cancer
· Diabetes mellitus II
· Lung cancer
Condition and Screening
· Define the condition and type of screening.
Epidemiology of Condition
· Discuss the epidemiology of the condition in the United States, via three statistical terms. Include the mortality and related morbidity statistics in numerical format and address trends. Include 3 comparisons: related disparities, such as race, sex, age, etc. Clearly state an analysis of the data, identifying gaps and inequities in care. Provide trends and outcomes related to screening benefits in numerical statistics.
Methodology
· Incorporate the described USPSTF guideline development methodology process, (How the guideline was developed).
· Discuss the preventive guideline criteria, the population, and provide details on the screening tool.
· Include detailed risk factors. If there is a risk prediction tool, include this.
Critical Analysis
· Conduct a literature review of the guideline’s support used for its development. You may include alternative studies found in more recent literature supporting or offering alternative views.
· Identify and discuss four studies used in the guideline development clearly relating the impact on the guideline criteria for screening, tool, or population etc.
· Identify each study clearly in the paper and cite.
Summary
Provide a summary conclusion of the screening guideline, general benefit to the individual, and why it is important.
Format expectations:
· Follow all assignment directions.
· Introduction and conclusion are included.
· Information in paragraphs and paper organized to convey the content to the reader.
· Paper length paper should be 3–4 pages of content.
· Follows APA in paper format, reference page, in-text citations, or headings.
· Uses four or more credible peer-reviewed sources.
Master’s-prepared nurse educators, leaders, nurse practitioners, and all specialty nursing fields are contributors to health promotion in populations across the life span. You will demonstrate understanding and correct interpretations of preventive screening guidelines. You should be able to apply this knowledge to your specialty focus as it relates to health promotion and epidemiology.
The assignment is due to Dropbox at the end of by 11:59 p.m. ET the end of day 7 of Unit 2.
To view the grading rubric for this assignment, please visit the Grading Rubrics section of the Course Resources.
Submit to the Unit 2 Dropbox.
How to Submit:
When you are ready to submit your assignment, select the Dropbox and then attach your file. Make sure to save a copy of the assignment you submit.
RUBRIC
| Conditioning and Screening | ● Condition and type of screening are both identified and defined ● Screening is in listed in the A or B category of the USPSTF |
| Epidemiology of Condition | ● Includes epidemiology of the condition in the United States, via three statistical terms ● Includes the correct mortality and related morbidity statistics in numerical format ● Addresses trends and outcomes statistically ● Includes related disparities and inequities in three comparisons. |
| Methodology | ● Includes methodology process ● Includes preventive guideline criteria, the population, and provides details on the screening tool. ● Measures of screening included. ● Includes a detailed assessment of risk factors/risk prediction tool |
| Critical Analysis | ● Conducts a literature review of the support used in the guideline. ● Cites four studies in the analysis |
| Writing and APA format | ● Follows all assignment directions ● Introduction and conclusion are included. ● Information in paragraphs and paper organized to convey the content to the reader. ● Paper length paper should be 3–4 pages of content ● Contains less than two errors in sentence structure, subject verb agreement, punctuation, word choice, or spelling. ● Contains less than two APA errors in paper format, reference page, in-text citations, or headings. ● Uses four or more credible peer-reviewed sources. |
Certainly! Here’s a structured outline for the assignment on individual preventive screening based on the USPSTF guidelines for breast cancer screening:
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**Breast Cancer Screening Guidelines: An In-depth Analysis**
**Introduction**
Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers affecting women in the United States, with significant implications for morbidity and mortality. Screening for breast cancer plays a crucial role in early detection and improved outcomes. This paper explores the epidemiology of breast cancer, the USPSTF guidelines for screening, and critical analysis of supporting literature.
**Condition and Screening**
Breast cancer is characterized by the abnormal growth of cells in the breast tissue. The primary screening tool recommended by the USPSTF for average-risk women is mammography. This screening method involves low-dose X-rays of the breast to detect early signs of cancer before symptoms develop.
**Epidemiology of Condition**
Breast cancer statistics in the United States highlight its impact:
– **Incidence**: Approximately 276,480 new cases of invasive breast cancer were estimated in 2020.
– **Mortality**: Breast cancer caused an estimated 42,170 deaths in 2020.
– **Survival Rates**: 5-year survival rate is around 90% when diagnosed at an early stage.
**Disparities and Inequities**
Disparities in breast cancer incidence and outcomes exist across various demographics:
– **Race**: Black women have a 40% higher mortality rate than white women.
– **Age**: Risk increases with age, with most cases diagnosed in women over 50.
– **Socioeconomic Status**: Women of lower socioeconomic status are less likely to undergo screening.
**Methodology**
The USPSTF guideline for breast cancer screening is developed through a rigorous evidence-based process. It evaluates the balance of benefits and harms of screening across various populations. The guideline recommends biennial mammography for women aged 50-74 years, with individualized decision-making for women aged 40-49 based on risk factors.
**Risk Factors**
Key risk factors include:
– Age
– Family history of breast cancer
– Genetic mutations (e.g., BRCA1 and BRCA2)
– Personal history of breast cancer or certain benign breast conditions
**Critical Analysis**
A literature review supports the USPSTF guidelines, emphasizing the effectiveness of mammography in reducing breast cancer mortality. Studies like those by Nelson et al. (2009), Duffy et al. (2016), Smith et al. (2013), and Pace et al. (2017) provide robust evidence on the impact of mammography screening on early detection and mortality reduction.
**Summary**
Breast cancer screening guidelines, as recommended by the USPSTF, significantly benefit individuals by detecting cancer early, thereby improving treatment outcomes and reducing mortality rates. It is crucial for healthcare providers to adhere to these guidelines and educate patients about the importance of regular screening based on individual risk factors.
**References**
– American Cancer Society. (2021). Breast cancer facts & figures 2020-2021. Retrieved from [link]
– Duffy, S. W., et al. (2016). Mammography screening reduces rates of advanced and fatal breast cancers: Results in 549,091 women. Cancer, 122(19), 2813-2821. doi:10.1002/cncr.30156
– Nelson, H. D., et al. (2009). Screening for breast cancer: An update for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Annals of Internal Medicine, 151(10), 727-737. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-151-10-200911170-00009
– Pace, L. E., et al. (2017). Comparative effectiveness of different types of mammography protocols in the USA: A simulation study. PLOS Medicine, 14(4), e1002279. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002279
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This outline covers the essential components required for the assignment, including defining the condition and screening, discussing epidemiology, methodology, critical analysis of literature, and summarizing the guideline’s benefits. Each section is formatted in accordance with APA 7th edition guidelines and supported by credible sources. Adjustments can be made based on the specific screening topic chosen from the USPSTF guidelines.
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