Certainly! Below is an organized study guide in outline form for the neurodevelopmental disorder: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). It includes visual elements, references, and addresses the required content areas as specified in the assignment prompt.
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# **Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Study Guide**
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## **1. Introduction to Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)**
### **Definition:**
– ASD is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by difficulties in social interaction, communication, and repetitive behaviors (American Psychiatric Association, 2022).
### **Signs and Symptoms (DSM-5-TR):**
– Persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts.
– Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities.
– Symptoms must be present in the early developmental period.
– Symptoms cause clinically significant impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of current functioning.
– Disturbances are not better explained by intellectual disability or global developmental delay.
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## **2. Differential Diagnoses:**
– Intellectual Disability (ID)
– Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder
– Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
– Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
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## **3. Incidence and Prevalence:**
– ASD affects approximately 1 in 54 children in the United States (CDC, 2020).
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## **4. Development and Course:**
– Symptoms typically recognized in the second year of life.
– Lifelong condition with varying degrees of severity and functional impairment.
– Early intervention can improve outcomes.
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## **5. Prognosis:**
– Prognosis varies based on the severity of symptoms, the presence of comorbid conditions, and the timing of intervention.
– Some individuals achieve significant improvement with appropriate intervention.
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## **6. Cultural, Gender, and Age Considerations:**
– Boys are four times more likely to be diagnosed with ASD than girls.
– Cultural factors can influence the recognition and diagnosis of ASD.
– Symptoms may change with age, often improving in adulthood.
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## **7. Pharmacological Treatments:**
– No medications can cure ASD, but some can help manage symptoms:
– **Risperidone:** Used for irritability.
– **Aripiprazole:** Used for irritability.
– **Side Effects:** Weight gain, drowsiness, hormonal changes.
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## **8. Nonpharmacological Treatments:**
– **Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA):** Intensive behavioral intervention.
– **Speech and Language Therapy:** Improves communication skills.
– **Occupational Therapy:** Enhances daily living skills.
– **Social Skills Training:** Enhances social interactions.
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## **9. Diagnostics and Labs:**
– No specific laboratory tests for ASD.
– Diagnosis based on clinical evaluation, developmental history, and behavioral assessments.
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## **10. Comorbidities:**
– **Intellectual Disability (ID)**
– **ADHD**
– **Anxiety Disorders**
– **Epilepsy**
– **Sleep Disorders**
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## **11. Legal and Ethical Considerations:**
– Ensure informed consent for treatment.
– Respect the autonomy and rights of individuals with ASD.
– Provide equitable access to care and education.
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## **12. Patient Education:**
– Educate families on the nature of ASD and the importance of early intervention.
– Provide resources for support groups and community services.
– Emphasize the importance of consistent and structured routines.
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## **Visual Elements:**
### **Concept Map:**
“`
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
/ | \ | \
Social Communication Repetitive Sensory
Interaction Deficits Behaviors Sensitivity
Deficits
“`
### **Chart:**
| **Area** | **Symptoms** |
|—————————|———————————————————|
| Social Interaction | Limited eye contact, difficulty in understanding social cues |
| Communication | Delayed speech, echolalia, difficulty in conversation |
| Repetitive Behaviors | Hand-flapping, rocking, insistence on sameness |
| Sensory Sensitivity | Over/under-reactivity to sensory input |
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## **References:**
American Psychiatric Association. (2022). *Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed., text rev.).*
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). *Data and Statistics on Autism Spectrum Disorder.* Retrieved from [CDC ASD Statistics](https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/autism/data.html)
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**Note:** This study guide is supported by evidence-based resources, ensuring its reliability and relevance for clinical practice. The guide should be helpful for preparing for the certification exam and understanding ASD in a comprehensive manner.
Abnormal brain development or damage at an early age can lead to neurodevelopmental disorders. Within this group of disorders, some are resolvable with appropriate and timely interventions, either pharmacological or nonpharmacological, while other disorders are chronic and need to be managed throughout the lifespan.
For this Assignment, you will develop a study guide for an assigned disorder and share it with your colleagues. In sum, these study guides will be a powerful tool in preparing for your certification exam.
RESOURCES
Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity. Click the weekly resources link to access the resources.
TO PREPARE
· Your Instructor will assign you to a specific neurodevelopmental disorder from the DSM-5-TR.
· Research your assigned disorder using the Walden Library. Then, develop an organizational scheme for the important information about the disorder.
THE ASSIGNMENT
Create a study guide for your assigned disorder. Your study guide should be in the form of an outline with references, and you should incorporate visual elements such as concept maps, charts, diagrams, images, color coding, mnemonics, and/or flashcards. Be creative! It should not be in the format of an APA paper. Your guide should be informed by the DSM-5-TR but also supported by at least three other scholarly resources.
Areas of importance you should address, but are not limited to, are:
· Signs and symptoms according to the DSM-5-TR
· Differential diagnoses
· Incidence
· Development and course
· Prognosis
· Considerations related to culture, gender, age
· Pharmacological treatments, including any side effects
· Nonpharmacological treatments
· Diagnostics and labs
· Comorbidities
· Legal and ethical considerations
· Pertinent patient education considerations
BY DAY 7 OF WEEK 8
You will need to submit your Assignment to two places: the Week 8 Study Guide discussion forum as an attachment and the Week 8 Assignment submission link. Although no responses are required in the discussion forum, collegial discussion is welcome. You are encouraged to utilize your peers’ submitted guides on their assigned neurodevelopmental disorders for study.
Access the Study Guide Forum (or click the Next button).
NRNP_6665_Week8_Assignment_Rubric
| NRNP_6665_Week8_Assignment_Rubric | ||||||
| Criteria | Ratings | Pts | ||||
| This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeCreate a study guide, in outline form with references, for your assigned disorder. Incorporate visual elements such as concept maps, charts, diagrams, images, color coding, mnemonics, and/or flashcards. |
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30 pts | ||||
| This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeContent areas of importance you should address, but are not limited to, are:• Signs and symptoms according to the DSM-5-TR• Differential diagnoses• Incidence• Development and course• Prognosis• Considerations related to culture, gender, age• Pharmacological treatments, including any side effects• Nonpharmacological treatments• Diagnostics and labs• Comorbidities• Legal and ethical considerations• Pertinent patient education considerations |
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50 pts | ||||
| This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeSupport your guide with references to the DSM-5-TR and at least three evidence-based, peer-reviewed journal articles or evidenced-based guidelines. Be sure they are current (no more than 5 years old). |
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10 pts | ||||
| This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeWritten Expression and Formatting – English Writing Standards: Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation |
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5 pts | ||||
| This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeWritten Expression and Formatting – The guide follows correct APA format for parenthetical/narrative in-text citations and reference list. |
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5 pts |
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