15-minute presentation about Parkinson’s Disease
please follow the outline guideline in the attachment and provide more information on the outline.
Outline: Living with Parkinson’s Disease
- Causes/etiology and symptoms (as per stages) of Parkinson’s disease
- Causes/Etiology
- Genes – specific genetic mutations, as well as gene variations, have been associated with the onset of Parkinson’s disease (DeMaagd & Phillip, 2015)
- Environmental triggers – exposure to particular toxins as well as environmental factors can also increase the risk of the disorder
- Stages and Symptoms of the disease
- Stage 1 & 2 – In stage 1, patients encounter mild symptoms which do not affect daily activities with tremors occurring in one side of the body, while in stage 2 the symptoms get worse and may entail rigidity and tremors on both sides
- Stages 3, 4, & 5 – stage 3 is the mild phase as patients start losing balance and movements slowdown, whereas stages 4 & 5 are characterized by severe/limiting symptoms (patients might require a walker) and worse symptoms like leg stiffness with patients needing a walker, respectively.
- Diagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease
- Medical history and physical examination
- A neurologist might review the signs and symptoms
- A neurologist might also conduct a physical examination
- Laboratory tests
- A primary doctor or care provider might suggest a SPECT (single-photon emission computerized tomography) scan (DeMaagd & Phillip, 2015)
- Imaging tests may also be ordered, such as PET scan, brain ultrasound, and MRI
- Prevention and Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease
- Prevention of Parkinson’s disease
- Healthy eating – including foods rich in fiber and drinking fluids
- Exercise – which serves to increase balance, flexibility, and muscle strength
- Treatment of Parkinson’s disease
- Medications – such as Carbidopa-levodopa, dopamine agonists, MAO B inhibitors, anticholinergics, amantadine, etc.
- Surgical procedures, such as deep brain stimulation by implanting electrons to excite the brain (Larkov et al., 2020)
References
DeMaagd, G., & Phillip, A. (2015). Parkinson’s disease and its management: Part 1: Disease entity, risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and diagnosis. Pharmacy and Therapeutics, 40(8), 504-532.
Larkov, A., et al. (2020). Strategies for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease: Beyond dopamine. 12(4). doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00004
15-minute presentation about Parkinson’s Disease
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