Create a 3-5-page submission in which you develop a PICO(T) question
Create a 3-5-page submission in which you develop a PICO(T) question for a specific care issue and evaluate the evidence you locate, which could help to answer the question.
PICO(T) is an acronym that helps researchers and practitioners define aspects of a potential study or investigation.
It stands for:
P – Patient/population/problem.
I – Intervention.
C – Comparison (of potential interventions, typically).
O – Outcome(s).
T – Time frame (if time frame is relevant).
The end goal of applying PICO(T) is to develop a question that can help guide the search for evidence (Boswell Cannon, 2015). From this perspective, a PICO(T) question can be a valuable starting point for nurses who are starting to apply an evidence-based model or EBPs. By taking the time to precisely define the areas in which the nurse will be looking for evidence, searches become more efficient and effective. Essentially, by precisely defining the types of evidence within specific areas, the nurse will be more likely to discover relevant and useful evidence during their search.
PICO(T) is a framework that can help you structure your definition of the issue, potential approach that you are going to use, and your predictions related to the issue. Word choice is important in the PICO(T) process because different word choices for similar concepts will lead you toward different existing evidence and research studies that would help inform the development of your initial question.
Create a 3-5-page submission in which you develop a PICO(T) question
SCENARIO:
For this assessment, please use an issue of interest from your current or past nursing practice.
INSTRUCTIONS:
For this assessment, select an issue of interest an apply the PICO(T) process to define the question and research it.
Your initial goal is to define the population, intervention, comparison, and outcome. In some cases, a time frame is relevant and you should include that as well, when writing a question you can research related to your issue of interest. After you define your question, research it, and organize your initial findings, select the two sources of evidence that seem the most relevant to your question and analyze them in more depth. Specifically, interpret each source’s specific findings and best practices related to your issues, as well explain how the evidence would help you plan and make decisions related to your question.
If you need some structure to organize your initial thoughts and research, the PICOT Question and Research Template document (ATTACHED) (accessible from the “Create PICO(T) Questions” page in the Capella library’s Evidence Based Practice guide) might be helpful.
Additional Requirements
Your assessment should meet the following requirements:
1.Length of submission: Create a 3–5-page submission focused on defining a research question and interpreting evidence relevant to answering it.
2. Number of references: Cite a minimum of four sources of scholarly or professional evidence that support your findings and considerations. Resources should be no more than 5 years old.
3. APA formatting: Format references and citations according to the current APA style.
GRADING RUBRIC: YOUR SUBMISSION SHOULD:
1. Defines a practice issue to be explored via a PICO(T) approach. Notes how the exploration of the practice issue will benefit from a PICO(T) approach.
2. Identifies sources of evidence that could be potentially effective in answering a PICO(T) question. Presents criteria or rational used to determine potential to answer the PICO(T) question.
3. Explains the findings from articles or other sources of evidence that are relevant to a PICO(T) question. Notes which sources are the most credible.
4. Explains the relevance of the findings from chosen sources of evidence to making decision related to a PICO(T) question. Notes which findings are the most relevant or likely to lead to positive outcomes.
5. Communicates using writing that is clear, logical, and professional, with correct grammar and spelling, using error-free, current APA style.
RESOURCES:
Creating a question using the PICOT elements will provide a framework for the research you need to conduct an evidence-based study or to make an evidence-based decision.
PICOT Elements:
(P) – Population, Patients or Problem: The sample of subjects used in a study, or the problem being addressed.
(I) – Intervention: The treatment that will be provided to subjects enrolled in your study.
(C) – Comparison or Control: Identifies an alternative intervention or treatment to compare. Many study designs refer to this as the control group. If an existing treatment is considered the ‘gold standard’, then it should be the comparison group. A control group is not required for every type of study.
(O) – Outcome: The clinical outcome that measures the effectiveness of the intervention.
(T) – Time: Duration of the data collection. Some versions don’t include this element, and time may not be specified in cases where the question is focused on prediction or diagnoses.
Create a 3-5-page submission in which you develop a PICO(T) question
PICOT Question Formats:
Intervention: In _______ (P), how does _______ (I) compared to _______ (C) affect _______ (O) within _______ (T)?
Prognosis/Prediction: In _______ (P), how does _______ (I) compared to _______ (C) influence/predict _______ (O) over _______ (T)?
Diagnosis or Diagnostic test: In _______ (P) are/is _______ (I) compared to _______ (C) more accurate in diagnosing _______ (O)?
Etiology: Are _______ (P), who have _______ (I) compared to those without _______ (C) at _______ risk for/of _______ (O) over _______ (T)?
Meaning: How do_______ (P) with _______ (I) perceive _______ (O) during _______ (T)?
Example PICOT Questions:
In acute care hospitals (P), how does having a rapid response team (I) compared with not having a response team (C) affect the number of cardiac arrests (O) during a three-month period (T)?
In women with gestational diabetes (P), how does a monitored diet and exercise program over the course of pregnancy (I &T), compared to the use of metformin only (C) reduce the incidence of high birth weight babies(O)?
In patients admitted for acute myocardial infarction (P), how well does the hospital’s new data model created from EMR data (I) compared to current practices (C) predict readmission rates (O) within 30 days after initial discharge (T)?
For patients of a rural health clinic (P), does the use of text message reminders (I), compared with telephone calls (C) reduce the number of missed appointments (O) over a six month period (T)?
Create a 3-5-page submission in which you develop a PICO(T) question
PICOT Question and Search Strategy Template
Use with the library guide: Evidence Based Practice in Nursing & Health Sciences
- Define your question using PICOT (review the “Create PICOT Questions” page as needed):
Population: __________________________________________________________________
Intervention: __________________________________________________________________
Comparison: __________________________________________________________________
Outcome: __________________________________________________________________
Time (optional): __________________________________________________________________
- Write out your question: ______________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
PICO(T) Questions
- Write down the most important words from your question in the gray boxes. For each top term, add synonyms or related terms in the boxes below it. All these are your search terms.
PICO(T) Questions
- Review the “Best Bets” in the Nursing Databases list. Check the databases you will search:
| __ CINAHL Complete (*Recommended)
__ Nursing & Allied Health __ Public Health Database |
__ Health & Medical Collection
__ OVID Nursing Full Text Plus __ PubMed Central
|
- Write in your first search below. Follow the instructions on the “Find EBP Articles…” page.
|
|
PICO(T) Questions
- Scholarly/peer reviewed Limit publication date:
- Type of studies you want to include in your search:
| __ Systematic Review or Meta-Analysis
__ Clinical Practice Guidelines |
__ Individual Research Studies
__ Critically Appraised Research Studies |
- What information did you find to help answer your question?
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
This form is adapted from: Syrene A. Miller, PICO Worksheet and Search Strategy, National Center for Dental Hygiene Research
PICO(T) Questions
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